The Riverina Highlands is home to unique waterways, historic sites, and a range of special native species, and supports over 1100 landholders with a focus on grazing agriculture. The area broadly aligns with the traditional country of Wiradjuri First Nations people, and has been a meeting place for many different Indigenous nations over thousands of years.
Waterways are the heart and soul of the Riverina Highlands community and landholders are inherently linked to their management. Supporting good water quality for domestic needs, livestock and recreation, and providing habitat for local animals is a focus for this community.
With recent fires, floods and droughts, waterway health in the Riverina Highlands is declining, and increased bank erosion is leading to loss of productive land. The solutions require a community effort, and together we can act to improve the condition of our waterways.
Favourite plant or animal: Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
0427 407 126
cherie@refreshingrivers.org.au
Riverina Local Land Services, working closely with Riverina Highlands Landcare Network, Riverina Highlands Landcare Nursery and Brungle Tumut Local Aboriginal Lands Council
"There are not too many jobs where you can physically see the difference you have made. I enjoy working with landholders to design their projects and I love going back and revisiting sites to see how these projects are making a difference to the way landholders manage their land."
The Riverina Highlands catchment is made up of seven sub-catchments. A Waterway Management Plan for the Riverina Highlands has been co-created by the community, landholders and project partners, and each sub-catchment has an associated iconic species that will help demonstrate and communicate progress against the Plan in coming years.
Click on each sub-catchment in the map below to find out more.
Natural wetlands, such as billabongs, soaks, swamps and seasonally wet areas, are a top priority for the community, according to survey results.
Wetlands are an important habitat for native plants and animals, and are breeding grounds and nurseries for invertebrates, fish, frogs and waterbirds.
Wetlands are also valued for the ecosystem services (benefits to humankind provided by natural ecosystems) that they provide. These include direct economic benefits like food and fresh water, as well as their capacity to filter pollutants and sediments in water, and to retain or slow floodwaters.
Important wetlands in the Riverina Highlands include:
The Riverina Highlands community values rare and iconic plants, animals and habitats, and the Refreshing Rivers Program provides an opportunity to do more to protect these.
The Waterway Management Plan particularly focuses on the following rare and threatened species and ecological communities:
The Riverina Highlands community values rare and iconic plants, animals and habitats, and the Refreshing Riverina Highlands Program provides an opportunity to do more to protect these.
The Waterway Management Plan particularly focuses on the following rare and threatened species and ecological communities:
Clear, clean water, free of sediment and other contaminants, is important to a community which relies heavily on river water for domestic, stock and town use. Management of riparian zones (the land alongside waterways) is extremely important for maintaining water quality. As a shared asset which passes through land managed by a variety of landholders and agencies, waterway, riparian and catchment management is a collaborative process.
Approximately 54 km of waterways in the catchment have been revegetated over the past 14 years. The community who took part in surveys about the catchment saw revegetation as key to future management of the catchment.
While revegetation, both existing and future, is seen as important, there are new challenges to tackle, including reductions in government funding as well as climate change. The Refreshing Riverina Highlands Program provides an opportunity to shape revegetation works for the coming years to respond to these emerging challenges, and to support long-term survival of vegetation species and communities.
Waterways and riparian areas in the Riverina Highlands arehighly valued for recreation. Locals and visitors alike enjoy camping, fishing,swimming, kayaking and canoeing on the rivers and creeks and on Blowering Dam.
Parts of the catchment have significant tourism appeal,including Adelong Creek and the historic remnants of gold mining found at theAdelong falls Gold Mill Ruins. The Hume and Hovell walking track passes throughthe catchment, providing opportunities for both short hikes and longermulti-day trips. Kosciuszko National Park also overlaps the upper catchment.
The Riverina Highlands broadly aligns with the Wiradjuri nation and has a rich cultural history. The area was a meeting place for different Indigenous Nations including Ngunawal people from the north east, Walgalu people from the south-east and Wiradjuri people from further west.
Traditional Custodians have managed their land here for over 40,000 years. Scar trees, ring trees, stone artefacts, Bora Rings and rock paintings reveal the depth and complexity of Wiradjuri connection to country and past land management practices.
Partnerships with Traditional Custodians including the Brungle-Tumut Local Aboriginal Land Council are being fostered to support two-way exchange of ecological knowledge, and to support the Aboriginal community to continue to care for country as they have done for thousands of years.
Some of the activities that have occurred in partnership include:
Below are some of the factors threatening waterway health, ranked by the community:
Weeds were identified by the community as the greatest threat to waterways in the Riverina Highlands. Some of the problems caused by weeds include:
Willows and Blackberry are particularly problematic weeds, and several species of willow are Weeds of National Significance. Other common weeds include:
One complication for weed management is that many exotic species are also valued by the local community, such as Poplars and Plane trees that produce colourful autumn displays in townships. These species require a different approach to ensure they don’t escape from towns along waterways.
Stream bed or bank erosion was identified by the community as the second highest threat in the catchment. Abnormally wet seasons experienced in 2021 and 2022, with associated flooding, have exacerbated erosion throughout the Riverina Highlands.
Although erosion is a natural process, it can be much more serious and happen much faster in areas where vegetation has been removed, or changes to flows occur leading to deeper and wider channels.
Erosion can lead to turbidity and reduced water quality, loss of riparian land and of associated vegetation (including large trees), and destruction of fences, bridges and roads.
Erosion also leads to increased sedimentation, which can bury cobble bed streams that provide important habitat for threatened species, including the Booroolong Frog and Macquarie Perch.
Aquatic pests are a significant concern in the catchment. The main aquatic pests are noxious fish such as Carp and Redfin, and introduced species such as Rainbow and Brown Trout. The biggest concern is the impact these species have on threatened native species such as Macquarie Perch.
It is possible to reduce pest species numbers in a small system like the Adjungbilly Creek, where removal efforts are already underway, but monitoring and control needs to be ongoing, as would occur for a terrestrial pest species.
Protecting, enhancing and re-establishing riparian vegetation is also an important part of reducing the impact of aquatic pests.
Pest animals in the Riverina Highlands which impact on waterway health include feral horses, goats, deer, pigs and rabbits. Pests can damage native riparian vegetation through grazing, worsen bank erosion, facilitate weed invasion and reduce water quality through manure inputs and increased turbidity.
The Tumut and Murrumbidgee Rivers and their floodplains have highly regulated flows, which can threaten some physical and biological processes that relied on unregulated systems. These threats include:
Addressing these threats is challenging, as it requires balancing the needs of irrigators and economic values (including using waterways as conveyance channels to move water quickly downstream) with environmental values.
Unrestricted stock access and grazing of riverbanks damage waterways and riparian areas in a number of ways, including:
Over the past 14 years, over 32 hectares of riparian land in the Riverina Highlands has been fenced from stock access to address bank erosion. Many people in the community understand the threat of stock access to waterways and believe that there is more work to be done.
Survey respondents identified climate change and associated natural disasters such as bushfire, flood and drought as important threats.
In the last decade alone, the Riverina Highlands catchment has experienced significant drought, multiple flood and severe bushfires. All of these have damaged waterways, through increased streambank erosion, loss of riparian vegetation, loss of habitat for aquatic species, increased water temperatures and reduced water quality.
Healthier waterways are more resilient to natural disasters. The Refreshing Rivers Program provides an opportunity to build resilience into the catchment, including by revegetating wide buffers along waterways and restricting stock access. Increased vegetation slows floodwaters, reducing erosion; while larger riparian buffers and increased ground cover also help protect waterways from high levels of sediment and nutrients that flow into streams after fire.
Clearing of native vegetation was also listed as a threat by the survey respondents. Historically vegetation would have been cleared in the catchment for agriculture, forestry and horticulture, and the establishment of townships. Today, the loss of paddock trees and riparian vegetation in some areas continues.
Retaining large old trees and remnant patches of vegetation, and protecting or enhancing riparian vegetation, is extremely important for landscape resilience, increasing biodiversity, and for protecting many of the values the community cares about.
Forestry operations exist mostly in the upper catchments and are generally plantation forestry, occurring where native vegetation has been cleared and pine plantations established in the past.
Key impacts of forestry include the fragmentation of native vegetation, harbouring of pest animals and plants and sedimentation of waterways during or after harvesting. Forestry roads are also likely to be a major source of sediment input to waterways. Sedimentation, particularly in the Adjungbilly Creek, threatens cobble bed habitat for the Booroolong Frog and Macquarie Perch.
The Refreshing Riverina Highlands Waterway Management Plan is co-created by the community, landholders and project partners. It builds on past successes and existing management strategies in Riverina Highlands, and provides the foundations for our work.
You can download the full Waterway Management Plan below, or scroll down to see our recommended priority actions for landholders.
If you are interested in getting guidance for your property or tackling a specific problem, get in touch with Cherie.
Recognising and valuing your farm’s natural assets is a great first step towards making informed farm management decisions that can improve your productivity and profitability while also promoting biodiversity and the health of waterways on your property.
The Refreshing Rivers Program is offering a free service to work with landholders to better understand natural capital on their property.
This is a new area we are all learning about. Enrol in our free learning module to become familiar with this space and learn about helpful terms such as Ecosystem Services, Environmental Accounting, Environmental Certification and more.
ENROL TODAYACTION
Fence a buffer zone along waterways so that stock pressure can be managed in sensitive riparian areas. This may involve complete exclusion of stock, or creation of a riparian paddock that is grazed strategically to promote native vegetation growth and limit weeds.
The productivity benefits of waterway fencing include:
For landholders, stabilised creek banks that are less likely to erode in high rainfall events also reduces stress about the potential loss of valuable riparian land and stock.
Waterway fencing:
See Stock & Waterways - A NSW Manager's Guide: Riparian Fencing (2019) for information on fence layout, fencing types and potential management options.
The Refreshing Rivers Program can also equip eligible landholders with support through providing access to a work crew to erect fences. Visit the Rewards page for more information.
ACTION
Healthy waterways have a variety of habitat features. In many cases these habitat features have eroded over many decades through siltation, stock pressure, channelling and erosion. Some habitat features can be added (such as logs) or enhanced (such as ground cover and riparian vegetation), while others will take careful management and time to develop (such as refuge pools).
Habitat features that can be added or improved include:
Creating and enhancing habitat along waterways has many benefits to landholders, including:
The benefits of improving habitat along waterways are twofold.
Firstly, in most cases, improving habitat requires management changes that will benefit the waterway as a whole – for example, reducing channelling and erosion to allow shallow and deep areas to form will also improve water quality.
Secondly, habitat improvements such as restoring vegetation have many flow-on benefits for waterway health, such as filtering run-off and stabilising banks.
Visit the Restoring riparian areas website (Sustainable Farms, 2023).
Contact your Refreshing Rivers Project Officer or the Riverina Highlands Landcare Nursery for advice on appropriate local species to use for revegetation or in-stream planting.
ACTION
Understand the natural capital assets on your property and be ready to be rewarded through environmental markets.
Start by developing a big-picture view of your farm within the landscape. Map the location and condition of natural assets, including waterways, areas of remnant or planted vegetation, farm dams and areas you know support native wildlife. Note areas vulnerable to flood and erosion, as well as changes in land type. From here, consider opportunities for enhancing these assets in the context of other goals on farm.
The Riverina Highlands Project Officer, Cherie, can provide support through this process.
Understanding natural capital on your farm provides the opportunity to be rewarded through environmental markets and/or certification schemes. See our Rewards page for more information.
Mapping and improving natural capital also has a range of direct benefits for the production system.
Natural capital on farms includes soils, water, carbon and the diversity of plants and animals. The natural assets which make up this capital include riparian remnant vegetation, rocky outcrops, refuge pools, paddock trees, farm dams, floodplain wetlands, groundcover, shelterbelts, scar trees, habitat for specific threatened species and more.
By assessing natural capital on your farm, you can identify opportunities to improve assets with a range of flow-on benefits for the broader farming system. Ecosystem services (the services to humankind provided by natural ecosystems) are particularly relevant here.
These services provide a production benefit to farms, and include:
Creating a farm plan that considers natural assets, particularly waterways, in the context of surrounding landscapes has the following benefits for waterway health:
Talk to your Project Officer for Riverina Highlands, Cherie White, about assessing natural capital on your farm.
ACTION
Work with your neighbours and the Refreshing Rivers Program to improve waterway health at a catchment scale, and to connect areas of riparian vegetation with other remnants and plantings in your community. Remnant patches such as Travelling Stock Reserves or roadside vegetation, or planted strips such as shelterbelts, all create vegetation corridors.
Working with your neighbours and others in the community to connect corridors of vegetation has many benefits including:
Corridors help to:
Talk to your Project Officer for Riverina Highlands, Cherie White, about connecting with your community to create corridors.
See also Ten ways to improve natural assets on a farm (Sustainable Farms, 2020).
ACTION
Woody weeds can choke waterways. Infestations can be controlled through a combination of strategies, including biological control, grazing, manual removal and waterway-sensitive herbicides. Maintaining a cover of perennial species helps reduce new infestations. Pests and weeds are best controlled as part of a farm-wide approach, and management can be enhanced through collaborative control programs with neighbours.
There are many productivity benefits of controlling pests and weeds along waterways, including:
Waterways can easily become choked and smothered by weeds, which also compete with native plants. Benefits of weed management include:
Benefits of pest management include:
Pest fish are also a significant problem in many waterways, and measures to control or reduce pest fish will help support the survival of native fish species.
NSW Weed Control Handbook (NSW Government, 2014) - a guide to weed control in non-crop, aquatic and bushland situations.
Priority Weeds of the Murray and Riverina Regions Identification Guide provides basic information to help identify and manage species listed as priority weeds in the Murray and Riverina Regional Strategic Weed Management Plans.
The Refreshing Rivers Program can also equip eligible landholders with support through access to a work crew for significant weed control projects. Visit the Rewards page for more information.
ACTION
Creates a riparian buffer zone, Reduce run off, trampling along fragile banks, enables native plants to regenerate, improve habitat for fauna and flora including threatened species. Less sedimentation means improved water quality and smothering of habitat
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ACTION
Reduce weed spread across property, legislative requirements, loss of viable grazing land, declining property value, woody weeds are a harbour for pests. Woody weeds can choke up and reduce access to waterways.
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ACTION
Reduce weed spread across property, legislative requirements, loss of viable grazing land, declining property value, woody weeds are a harbour for pests. Woody weeds can choke up and reduce access to waterways.
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Learn about how we are supporting these actions in the Riverina Highlands Waterway Management Plan
Check out a few of the ways in which community, landholders and project partners have come together to improve the waterways in the Riverina Highlands. The Refreshing Riverina Highlands Program provides the opportunity to build on these successes, as well as tackling new and ongoing challenges.
"Maccas" were once widespread, but are now threatened and the Adjungbilly Creek is critical for their long-term survival. Through this partnership, more than 250ha of habitat has been enhanced, and over 30,000 native trees and shrubs planted along the creek.
The Black Summer Bushfires had a huge impact – including on the iconic Platypus. Populations may have declined by up to 18%, but work is underway to understand Platypus population health and restore habitat.
The Tumut Grevillea is an endangered plant that's only found along a short section of the Goobarragandra River. The Landcare nursery at Tumut grows Tumut Grevillea as one of many plants which are suitable for local conditions.
If you are interested in getting guidance for water management on your property or tackling a specific problem, please get in touch with our Project Officer Cherie. You can fill in the form or use the contact details below to get in touch.
Riverina Local Land Services, working closely with Riverina Highlands Landcare Network, Riverina Highlands Landcare Nursery and Brungle Tumut Local Aboriginal Lands Council
0427 407 126
cherie@refreshingrivers.org.au